• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    ABSTRACT Uppfinningen avser en brannare, innefattande en allmant cylindrisk reaktorkamm are (1) innefattande ett hi* (1') med en proximal ande (1p) och en distal ande (1d). i den distala anden av reaktorkammaren (1) finns en katalysator (4) anordnad. Ett bransleinlopp (7) finns anordnat i reaktorkammarens proximala ande (1p). Det finns ocksa en uppsktning luftinlopp (22, 23; 24) arrangerade i reaktorvaggen vid den proximala anden, konfigurerade att astadkomma ett roterande Rode av den luft som sprutas in i reaktorkammaren. Det finns ocksa' anordnat en flodeshomogenisator (8; 30) som stracker sig over reaktorkammarens 10 tvarsnitt vid ett lage mellan bransleinloppet (7) och katalysatorn (4). (Fig. 1)
    公开号:SE1150808A1
    申请号:SE1150808
    申请日:2011-09-08
    公开日:2013-03-09
    发明作者:Baard Lindstroem；Daniel Hagstroem；Paula Beneyto Satorres；Sara Loegdberg
    申请人:Reformtech Sweden Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    lOBURNERThe present invention relates to a reactor system for optimizing the catalyticcombustion of liquid fuels for automotive and stationary applications.
    Background of the InventionIn catalytic burners according to the prior art it is desirable that the Catalyst isused in an optimal manner, i.e. that the gases flowing through the Catalyst is ashomogeneous as possible. If the fuelzair ratio is biased towards excess fuel so called“hot spots” can occur, which can cause damage to the Catalyst.
    Thus, thorough mixing of the fuel and air is required.
    In the prior art it is known to mix air and fuel before passing the mixture into thereaction Chamber where it is ignited. This is no problem if the reaction Chamber issufficiently long, because any inhomogeneity is levelled out over a sufficiently longdistance. However, if the reactor is shortened in order to save space or to fit it intosmall Compartments, this levelling out cannot be achieved.
    Summary of the InventionIn view of the above mentioned problems the inventors have devised a reactor Withwhich a very good mixing is achieved, thereby alleviating the risks of damage to theCatalyst caused by uneven combustion.
    In a first aspect there is provided a novel burner comprising a reactor for catalyticburning wherein the mixing of fuel and air is improved. The burner is defined inClaim l, and comprises a generally cylindrical reactor Chamber comprising ahousing having a proximal end and a distal end; a Catalyst provided in the distalend of the reactor Chamber; a fuel inlet provided in the proximal end of the reactorChamber; a plurality of air inlets arranged in the reactor wall at the proximal end,and Configured to provide a rotating flow of the air injected into the reactorChamber; a flow homogenizer extending over the Cross-section of the reactorChamber at a position between the fuel inlet and the catalyst.
    In a second aspect there is provided a method of catalytic burning of fuel vvithimproved mixing of the fuel and air. The method is defined in claim 1 1.
    Thus, the invention is based on two main features: 1) the provision of means to causethe air that is passed into the reactor to rotate inside the Chamber, thereby causingturbulence that efficiently mixes the air With fuel; 2) the provision of a secondarymixer, in an exemplary embodiment in the form of a mesh that spans the cross-section of the reactor chamber at a distance from the inlet. This secondary mixer willbreak up the turbulent flow and cause an essentially complete homogenisation of thefuel/ air mixture and also cause an essentially linear flow after the secondary mixer.
    The advantage With complete homogeneous mixing and linear flow, which is createdby the mixing system according to the invention can be summarized in four points:1. It eliminates the formation of hotspots in the catalyst that could potentially lead tolower life times of the product2. It ensures that the entire catalyst is utilized in the process, which results inoptimization of catalyst size and materials that lowers operating costs of the catalyticheater3. It optimizes the size of the catalytic reactor as the required residence time of themixture to achieve linear and homogeneous flow is minimized by the forced flowstabilization in the reactor4. The rotational motion of fuel/ air mixture creates a central forward flow motionthat prevents fuel from Contacting the walls of the reactor, thereby preventing sootformation in the reactor.
    Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from thedetailed description given hereinafter and the accompanying drawings which aregiven by Way of illustration only, and thus not to be considered limiting on thepresent invention, and whereinFig. 1 is a schematic cross-section through a burner;Fig. 2a shows one embodiment of a distributor;Fig. 2b shows another embodiment of a distributor;Fig. 3a illustrates a homogenizer; andFig. 3b shows another homogenizer.
    Detailed Description of Preferred EmbodimentsThe novel Catalytic reactor system, schematically shown in Fig. 1 Comprises agenerally Cylindrical reactor, generally designated 1, and having a proximal anda distal end, designated lp and ld, respectively. Fuel 2 and air 3 areintroduced separately in the reactor and then mixed to form a homogeneousmixture before Contact is made with the Catalyst 4. In a preferred embodimentthe reactor system also comprises an internal Cooling system 5', 5”, 12 forreducing the formation of emissions from the Catalytic reactor. A fuel injectionmeans 7 Comprising a nozzle 7' adapted to atomize the fuel before it is mixedwith air and ignited to produce a flame 7” is provided in the reactor end wall inthe proximal end lp.
    Essential features of the novel reactor system are means provided for mixingfuel and air in a very efficient manner, and for homogenizing the flow of mixedgas for the purpose of utilizing the Catalyst as efficiently as possible.
    In Fig. 1 the mixing means is schematically indicated at 6a, Which representsopenings provided Circumferentially around the fuel atomizing nozzle 7”. Thegeometry of these openings can vary within wide limits as will be explainedfurther below in Connection with Figs. 2a-b. The important functional feature ofthe mixing means 6a is that it be Capable of setting the air in rotation inside theCylindrical reactor Chamber.
    By virtue of the vigorous rotation of the air along the inner walls of theCylindrical reactor Chamber there will be a very efficient mixing of fuel, air andCombustion gases produced in the flame.
    This vigorous mixing causes extremely turbulent flow inside the reactor, and inparticular the rotating air will provide a “blanket” of air Closest to the reactorWall. The blanket protects the Walls from the flame, in that soot formation iseffectively hindered or even prevented to occur on the reactor walls.
    Another effect of the vigorous mixing is that the turbulent floW of gases that iscaused thereby, Will exhibit an inhomogeneous Concentration of fuel in thefuel/ air mixture. This in turn may cause hotspots in the Catalyst which cancause premature degeneration of the Catalyst, and thus shorter life times.
    In order to homogenize the flow and to transform the turbulent rotation to anessentially linear flow, and thereby eliminate the risk of such hotspots to occur,a “floW homogenizer” 8 is positioned in the reactor at a location between thenozzle 7 and the Catalyst 4. The homogenizer 8 extends across the entireChamber in the transvers/radial direction. Suitably the homogenizer is a mesh,or a perforated plate. When the turbulent floW hits the homogenizer the flow isbroken up in much smaller flows that will cause a thorough mixing and thuslevel out any Concentration differences in the mixture.Now the novel mixing feature Will be described with reference to Fig. 2.
    As indicated there are several possible embodiments of this aspect of theinvention. Fig. 2a shows schematically a first embodiment of the rear (proximal)Wall of the reactor wherein there are provided essentially Circular aperturesCircumferentially around the flame nozzle. This Constructional element will bereferred to as a “distributor” 20 since its function is to distribute the air floW_ such that a rotation of the air volume inside the Chamber Will be caused.
    In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2a, there are provided a plurality of small firstapertures 22 having a first diameter, arranged Concentrically around and Closeto the nozzle 7, and a plurality of large second apertures 23 arrangedConcentrically With the first apertures and near the inner wall of the reactorChamber, said second apertures having a second diameter which is larger thanthat of the first apertures 22. In preferred embodiments there are about fourlarge apertures and four small, but the number of apertures Can vary betweenZZ and QQ. Since the incoming flow from the back side of the distributor 20has one flow rate (m3/ s), the flow rate out from the differently sized aperturesWill differ such that the smaller (inner) apertures 23 Will provide a higher flowrate inside the reactor than the larger (outer) apertures 22. Thus, there will be agradient in flow rate radially across the interior of the Chamber which willgenerate a rotation of the gas volume therein.
    Another embodiment is disclosed in Fig. 2b. It comprises baffle like elements 24arranged concentrically around the nozzle 7 at a location between the nozzleand the periphery of the distributor plate 20, similar to the apertures of Fig. 2a.These baffles 24 are made by punching or cutting out portions in thedistributor plate 20 corresponding to Circular segments, leaving one portion ofthe segments attached or integral with the plate 20. This creates foldable “flaps”that can be bent upwards such they project at an angle from the plane of thedistributor plate 20. In Fig. 2b this is indicated with broken lines 25. Preferablyan inner part of each segment is shorter than an outer part, such that thebending lines 25 do not extend radially, but rather at an angle with respect to aradius. Thus as can be seen in Fig. 2b, air entering from the back side willimpinge on the flaps 24 and will thereby be redirected sideways so as to createa spiral flow. In the illustrated embodiment there are six flaps, but the numberis not critical and could vary depending on reactor size and geometry.
    There are numerous possible configurations of means for redirecting the airflow and apart from the two above described one could envisage making theapertures themselves such that the bore forms an angle. However, theparticular design of a distributor for mixing is dependent on the manner inWhich air is supplied, and will be a matter of construction without need forinventive Work and pertaining to the field of the skilled man.
    The other important feature of the invention is the provision of thehomogenizer, briefly mentioned above.
    Fig. 3a shows one example of a homogenizer 30 implemented in an embodimentof the present invention. It comprises a partition member in the form of a Walldividing the reactor chamber in two compartments, a first compartmentwherein the mixing takes place, and a second compartment downstream of thefirst compartment whereín the flow is “linearized”, i.e. homogenized to exhibitessentially linear flow of the gases.
    In a first embodiment shown in Fig. 3a, the homogenizer 8 has a plurality ofopenings 32 of different sizes. In the shown embodiment two sizes are shown,but three or four even more sizes can be used. In the centre of the homogenizer30 there are no openings, and thus an area 31 is provided that functions as aflame shield 8' to prevent the flame (7 ” in Fig. 1) to enter into the secondcompartment, Where it might cause damage to the Catalyst 4.
    The function of the openings 32 is to break up the turbulent rotational flow inthe first mixing compartment when the flow impinges on the homogenizer 8.Obviously at least some of the flowing gas will pass through the openings 32Whereas some will be reflected by the wall sections between the openings 32.The result Will eventually be a much more forward directed momentum in theflowing gas, and in the second compartment an essentially linear flow will becreated. In this way Variations in heat content in the gas flow will be levelledout in the second compartment and the before mentioned hotspots are muchmore unlikely to occur.
    Fig. 3b illustrates schematically another embodiment of a homogenizer that canbe implemented in the present invention. It comprises a mesh 34 (only partiallyshown; it covers the entire circular cross-section of a reactor) made of fairlythick bars 36 arranged preferably perpendicularly so as to form squareopenings 38. These openings 38 will function essentially in the same way as theopening in the previous embodiment in Fig 3a.
    In preferred embodiments the entire reactor is cooled by cooling water. Bymaking the housing for the reactor double-walled, cooling water can be passedthrough the circumferential compartment (at 5 in Fig. l) inside the double-walled housing. The Water is preferably passed through the cooling system incounterflow, as can be seen in Fig. 1 whereín Water W is entering Via an inletl2in in the distal end and leaving at the proximal end via an outlet 120m.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1] 1. A burner, Comprísing a generally Cylindrical reaCtor Chamber (1) Comprising a housing (1')having a proximal end (lp) and a distal end (1d); a Catalyst (4) provided in the distal end of the reaCtor Chamber (1); a fuel inlet (7) provided in the proximal end of the reaCtor Chamber; a plurality of air inlets (22, 23; 24) arranged in the reaCtor Wall at theproximal end, and Conñgured to provide a rotating floW of the air injected into thereaCtor Chamber; a flow homogenizer (8; 30) extending over the Cross-section of the reaCtor Chamber at a position between the fuel inlet (7) and the Catalyst (4).
    [2] 2. The burner as Claimed in Claim 1, wherein the fuel inlet Comprises a fuel atomizing nozzle (7 ').
    [3] 3. The burner as Claimed in Claim 1, wherein the air inlets Comprise apertures (24a)partly Covered by flaps (24b) arranged to redirect the air floW in an essentially tangential direction so as to Cause said rotation.
    [4] 4. The burner as Claimed in Claim 1, wherein the air inlets (22, 23; 24) Comprise aplurality first of apertures (22) arranged around the fuel inlet and in proximitythereto, and a plurality of second apertures (23) arranged Concentrically with thefirst apertures and Close to the periphery of reactor Wall, wherein the first apertures (22) have a smaller diameter than the second apertures (23).
    [5] 5. The burner as Claimed in any preceding Claim, wherein the floW homogenizer Comprises a perforated partition member (30, 32; 36, 38).
    [6] 6. The burner as Claimed in Claim 5, wherein the floW homogenizer is a mesh (36, ss).
    [7] 7. The burner as claimed in claim 5 or 6, Wherein the flow hornogenizer (8; 30) comprises a central part (3 1) that is not perforated.
    [8] 8. The burner as claimed in any preceding elaim, Wherein the housing is doubled- Walled (52 5") to provide a Cooling jacket (12).
    [9] 9. The burner as claímed in claim 8, having a distal water inlet (l2fn) and a proxirnal Water outlet (l20ut) to and from the Cooling jacket (12), respectively.
    [10] 10. The burner as claimed in claim 3, Wherein the flaps form an angle with respect to the reactor Wall of 15 - 60 °.
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    法律状态:
    2020-05-05| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1150808A|SE537092C2|2011-09-08|2011-09-08|Burner|SE1150808A| SE537092C2|2011-09-08|2011-09-08|Burner|
    PCT/SE2012/050950| WO2013036198A1|2011-09-08|2012-09-10|Burner comprising a reactor for catalytic burning|
    EP20120830157| EP2753879A4|2011-09-08|2012-09-10|Burner comprising a reactor for catalytic burning|
    JP2014529642A| JP6058674B2|2011-09-08|2012-09-10|Burner with reactor for catalytic combustion|
    CN201280043797.2A| CN103958966A|2011-09-08|2012-09-10|Burner comprising a reactor for catalytic burning|
    US14/343,929| US9618198B2|2011-09-08|2012-09-10|Burner comprising a reactor for catalytic burning|
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